BAKAR TAURARUWA (BLACK HOLES)

 

A jiya Laraba 10/04/2019 a karon farko a tarihin ilimin sararin samaniya, Dan Adam ya sami damar gani da ido hoton Bakar tauraruwa ta farko da aka iya daukowa. Kusan sama da shekaru dari, wato a shekarar 1916 ne masanin kimiyya Karl Schwarzschild ya fara ambatar yiwuwar samuwar bakar tauraruwa. Ita bakar tauraruwa na cikin jerin halittun taurari da Allah ya halitta kuma ta na samuwa ne a lokacin da wata jibgegiyar tauraruwa saboda nauyinta da kuma karfin maganadisun ta su ka sa ta dunkule waje guda (implode). A yayin da ta dunkule maganadisun ta na yin karfin da zai sa ta bace daga sararin samaniya ba za’a iya ganinta ba saboda hatta haske, wanda shine halitta mafi saurin tafiya da gudu ba zai iya fitowa daga wanna tauraruwa ba balle a gane inda take. Amma duk wani abu da ya gitta kusa da wannan tauraruwa, maganadisun ta zai fizgo shi kuma ta lakume shi nan take. Misalin karfin maganadisu a irin wannan tauraruwa shine: idan akwai motocin tifa masu nauyin Tan 10 guda miliyan daya, idan ka saka su a cikin bakar tauraruwa, maganadisun ta zai dunkule su zama ba su wuce girman fankon ashana ba.

Shahararrun masana kimiyyar sararin samaniya sun yi ta rubuce-rubuce da bincike game da irin wadannan taurari, kama daga Einsten, Eddington, Lemaitre, Chandrasekhar, Oppenheimer da sauransu amma sai a shekarar 1994, Babban madubin hangen sararin samaniya (Hubble space Telescope) wanda ke sama ya dauko hoton hujja ta farko na cewa lallai irin wannan tauraruwa na wanzuwa. Sakamakon wafce duk wani abu da ya zo kusa da bakar tauraruwa, duk da cewa ko haske baya iya fita daga cikinta balle a iya ganinta, wannan lakume halittu sai ya sa ake iya gane saitin inda bakar tauraruwa ta ke. Idan tauraro na wanzuwa katsam sai aka neme shi aka rasa, to idan ba sa’a ba fa ya fada cikin bakar tauraruwa, wannan ce hanyar farko da aka fara gane su. Sannan a yayin da bakar tauraruwa ta lakume wata tauraruwa, hakan kan haifar da sassan da ba su fada cikin bakar tauraruwar ba su kone yadda wannan konewa ke haifar da haske mai karfin gaske (Accretion disk). Ta wadannan hanyoyi biyu, duk da ba’a iya ganin bakar tauraruwa ake iya gane akwai ta a wuri sakamakon bacewar tauraro kusa da ita da kuma hasken da ke samuwa sakamakon konewar abinda ba ta wafta ba.

Allah mahaliccin komai ya bada labarin bakar tauraruwa tun shekaru 1400 da su ka wuce cikin bayani mai sauki yadda ba sai ka na da ilimin kimiyya ba za ka gane, amma kuma ilimin kimiyya shine ke fitar da bayanin cikakke. Cikin suratul Takwir sai Allah y ace

Q81:1-2 “Idan Rana a ka shafe haskenta. Kuma idan taurari suka gurbace (wani ya shiga cikin wani”

Wato kamar yadda na yi bayani a sama yadda kimiyya ta nuna yadda bakar tauraruwa ke samuwa shine ta hanyar wata jibgegiyar tauraruwa ta dunkule waje guda yadda ko haske baya iya fita daga cikinta kamar yadda wannan aya ta nuna wato idan an shafe hasken Rana. Rana tauraruwa ce, kuma duk sauran taurari da ke sararin sama tamkar Rana su ke, banbancinsu kawai shine rana ita ce tauraruwa mafi kusa da duniyar mu (wadda ke da nisan kilomita miliyan 150 daga inda muke) sauran taurari na da nisa ninkin baninki haka, shi ya sa mu ke ganinsu yan kanana. Sannan Qur’ani ya ci gaba da bayanin cewa lokacin da taurari su ka gurbace, wato bakar tauraruwa ta hadiye wata tauraruwa. Malaman tafsiri saboda karancin ilimin sararin samaniya na fassara wadannan ayoyi da lokacin tashin kiyama ne, amma Allah na mana bayanin yadda ya tsara halittunsa na sama ne da yadda su ke wanzuwa.

Taurari da mu ke ganin a sararin samaniya tamkar halittu a duniya ne yadda ana haihuwarsu, tun su na yara, su girma sannan su tsufa daga karshe su mutu. Yawancin manyan taurari masu nauyin gaske da karfin maganadisu, idan sun zo mutuwa shine su ke wannan dunkulewa wadda ke haifar da bakar tauraruwa. Wasu taurarin kuma idan sun zo mutuwa saboda nauyinsu bai kai na irin wadannan da ke dunkulewa ba, su kuma su kan tarwatse ne da wata irin bindiga mai karfin gaske (Supernova) kamar yadda Allah ya sanar da mu cikin suratul Infitar

Q82:2 “Kuma idan Taurari su ka watse”

Sannan taurari na kasancewa a rukunu-rukuni da dandazo (clusters), domin a koda yaushe su na kasancewa ne a cikin wata dabaka (Galaxies). Kusan a tsakiyar kowacce dabaka akwai irin wadannan jibga-jibgan bakaken taurari. Masana kimiyya na hasashen cewa wadannan bakaken taurari su ke bawa taurari kuzarin da ke saka su kewayen tsakiyar dabakokinsu. Su kansu dabakoki su kan yi dandazo waje guda (Galaxy clusters), sannan shi kansa dandazon dabakoki na iya rukuni su zama rukunin dandanzon dabakoki (Super clusters).

Bakar tauraruwa na daya daga cikin halittun Allah mafi daure kai da al’ajabi, wannan ya sa masana su ka dukufa wajen bincike a kansu kuma a wannan sati Allah ya bamu ikon ganin hoton bakar tauraruwa wadda ke tsakiyar dabakar da duniyar mu ke ciki wato Milky way. A tsakiyar wannan dabaka ta mu akwai jibgegiyar bakar taururuwa da masana ke wa lakabi da Saggitarius A. Wannan bakar tauraruwa zata iya hadiye wannan ranar tamu guda miliyan hudu, kuma Rana za ta iya hadiye wannan duniya tamu guda miliyan 1.3.

Nasarar iya dauko hoton bakar tauraruwarmu, wato Sagittarius A, ta samu ne sakamakon amfani da fasahar mayar da wannan duniya tamu ta zama tamkar wani madubin hagen sararin samaniya guda daya. Anyi amfani da manyan maduban hangen sararin samaniya a sassa 8 da ke duniya wajen juya faifensu a lokaci guda domin dauko hoton tsakiyar dabakar mu. Wadannan madubai akwai a Antarctica, Kudancin Amurka, Arewacin Amurka, Hawaii, Greenland da Turai. Ta haka su ka zama madubi guda wanda ya bamu hoton Bakar Tauraruwa na farko da Dan Adam ya gani a tarihin binciken sararin samaniya.

Hakika duk iya yadda zamu bunkasa a ilimin sararin samaniya, sai dai mu tsakuri iya abinda mu ke iyawa domin girma da fadin wannan sammai ya fi karfin tunaninmu da duk wani inji ko na’ura da zamu kirkira wajen taimaka mana. A yanzu a rukunin tauraronmu, wato rana Dan Adam ya tura jirage marasa matuka sun ziyarci ilahirin duniyoyin da ke wanann rukuni namu. Jirgin Voyager I wanda yanzu ya shekara 41 ya na tafiya tun sanda a ka harba shi a shekarar 1977, yayinda a watan wannan Fabrairu na 2019, ya ci kimanin kilomita Biliyan 21.7 kuma har  ya fita da ga cikin rukunin tauraronmu wato Rana (Solar system). Idan wannan jirgi zai ci gaba da tafiya nan da shekaru 300,000 masu zuwa ba zai je kusa da wani tauraro ba duk da cewa a wannan dabaka ta mu ta Milky Way akwai akalla kimanin taurari  biliyan 400. Sannan a sammai da mu ke iya gani akwai kimanin dabakoki irin wannan dabaka tamu ta Milky Way guda Tirilyan 2. Ya ilahi! Tsarki ya tabbata ga ubanjin halitta, shi yasa Allah ya kalubalance mu cikin suratuil Mulk da cewa

Q67:3-4 “Shine wanda ya halicci sammai bakwai, dabakoki a kan juna, ba za ka ga goggociya ba a cikin halittar Allah mai rahama. Ka sake dubawa, ko za ka ga wata Baraka. Sannan ka sake maimaita dubawa, ganinka zai komo maka gajiyyaye ba da ganin wata nakasa ba”

 

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