RUKUNIN TAURARONMU-RANA

 

Rana tauraro ce tamkar sauran taurari amma kasancewar ita ce tauraro mafi kusa da mu, shi ya sa muke ganinta da girma fiye da sauran taurari sannan kuma muke jin zafin ta. A tsari irin na taurari, Rana tauraro ce ta tsaka-tsaki, wato akwai wadanda suka ninninka ta akwai kuma wadanda basu kaita ba a bangaren zafi da haske. Allah ya ce mana cikin suratul Anbiya

Q21:33 “Shine wanda ya halicci rana da wata. Dukkansu suna yin iyo ne cikin wani sarari”

Wato a wannan tsari rana da wata dukkansu na motsawa sannan ita ma duniyar mu tana motsawa. Rana tana kewayen tsakiyar wannan dabaka da muke ciki (Milky way galaxy) sau daya duk bayan shekaru miliyan 250, kuma ta kasance a cikin gungun taurari (cluster) wadanda basu kusanci tsakiyar wannan dabaka tamu ba, kuma basu yi waje da nisa sosai ba (dabakar mu tana da fadin da tafiyar da haske zai yi ne a shekaru miliyan 100). Hakan shine ya bawa halittu damar iya rayuwa a doron duniya, domin da rana ta kusanci tsakiyar dabaka, saboda cunkoson taurari da ko dai a lakume ta ko kuma zafin wajen ba zai bar sauran duniyoyi su samu ba. Haka ma da tana can gefe shima ba zai ba duniyoyi damar wanzuwa a cikin yanayi da za’a iya rayuwa ba.

A inda yanzu ranar nan tamu ta kasance idan muka duba zamu ga duniyoyi takwas na kewayenta.

Duniyar da ta fi kowacce kusanci da rana ita ce Mercury domin nisanta daga rana kilomita miliyan 58 ne, wannan kusanci ya sa tafi kowacce duniya saurin kewayo rana. A cikin kwana 88 take wannan kewaye (wanda duniya ke nata a kwana 365). Tsananin zafin rana da ke dukan wannan duniya a cikin yini, zai iya saka karfe ya narke a doronta. Amma idan dare yayi saboda babu abinda zai rike wannan zafi da ta kwasa da rana, kamar tsirrai da ruwa, sai duniyar ta huce tayi sanyi kamar kankara. Kana iya gane yadda wannan lamari yake idan ka san yanayin kasashen cikin Hamada domin su ma da rana sun a da tsananin zafi da dare kuma tsananin sanyi. Daga ita sai kuma duniyar Venus wadda ke da nisan kilomita miliyan 108 daga rana, hakan ya sa ta na gama kewayen rana cikin kwanaki 224. Daga wannan duniya ta Venus sai tamu, wato Earth, wadda ita kuma ta ke da nisan kilomita miliyan 150 daga rana. Wannan nisa a kididdige yake daga Allah, domin shine ginshiki na farko wajen tabbatar da samuwar halitta a doron duniyar mu. Cikin hikimomin hakan shine kasancewar a wannan zango ne haske da zafin rana ba zai kai irin na wadancan duniyoyi na baya ba, yadda zai hana halitta wanzuwa, sannan Allah ya samar da wani tsari wanda zai daidaita komai kamar yadda ya ce mana cikin suratul Furqan

Q25:62 “Kuma shine wanda ya sanya dare da yini a kan mayewa, ga wanda yake son ya yi tunani, kuma ya yi nufin godewa”

Wato tsarin dare na bin yini kuma yini na bin dare hanya ce wadda ba don ita ba, wallahi halittu ba zasu iya rayuwa a doron duniya ba. Domin idan da ace babu dare sai yini, hakika cikin yan kwanaki kadan komai a doron duniya zai kone saboda zafi. Haka nan da babu yini sai dare kawai, to hakika shima cikin lokaci kankane komai zai daskare saboda sanyi. Amma idan rana ta gasa duniya tsawon sa’o’i sha biyu sai dare yazo ya sanyaya komai cikin sa’a sha biyu.

Duniyar mu na kece gudu a cikin sararin samaniya da saurin da ya kai kimanin kilomita dubu 107 a cikin sa’a guda, sannan kewaye da saman duniyarmu akwai iskoki (atmosphere) wadda ke dauke da sinadaran iskoki irinsu carbondioxide da oxygen da nitrogen a kididdige. Wadannan iskoki su ke taimakawa wajen hana zafin rana ya tsere sama wanda sakamakon haka zai haifar da sanyi mai tsanani. Hakan ya bawa duniyarmu samun yanayi na dumi da ya kai kimar digiri 15 a ma’aunin zafi koda yaushe. Wannan shi ya bawa ruwa damar kasancewa a yanayin da yake na ruwa-ruwa (liquid), domin da sai ruwa dake duniya ya kone karaf ko kuma ya daskare. Abubuwan da suka taimaka wajen cimma wannan dumi sun hadar da wata rumfa da Allah ya samar tun farko duniya domin kare halittu. Wannan rumfa (Ozone layer) da iska Allah ya halitta ta kuma tana kare doron kasa daga muggan sinadiran makamashin (Radiation) dake fitowa daga rana. Wannan rumfa ta fara ne daga nisan kilomita 60 a saman duniya to lula har kusan kilomita 1000 daga doron kasa. Ta na tace sinadarai masu guba da kan iya halaka halittu ta hana su isowa doron kasa ko ta canza su zuwa wasu sinadaran. Sakamakon ci gaban masana’antu cikin shekaru dari biyu da suka wuce ya saka wannan rumfa ta fara huhhujewa wanda ke haifar da dumamar yanayi (Global Warming). Kone-konen dazuzzuka, numfarfashin halittu, hayakin masana’antu da ababen hawa na fitar da iskokin da ke yin sama suna cakuduwa da iskokin wannan rumfa da Allah yayi mana kuma suna canza su yadda suke kaucewa daga cikin rumfar. Hakan ne ya haifar da manya gibi cikin rumfar yadda zaruruwan hasken rana ke isowa kai tsaye doron duniya ya duma ma ta fiye da yadda aka saba. Idan ba mu yi hattara ba, da zarar mun lalata wannan rumfa zaman doron kasa zai gagaremu.

Idan muka koma bangaren hasken rana kansa, Allah ya samar da tsari ingantacce na sarrafawa da rarraba shi a doron duniya. A cikin hasken rana akwai zaruruwa wadanda bama iya gani kai tsaye saboda hasken yana kunshe da launuka na asali guda uku (Ja, kore, shudi – idan ka cakuda wadannan launuka daidai wa daida zai baka farin hasken rana) wadannan launuka uku su ke samar da dukkan sauran launuka. Da damina akan ga bakan gizo wanda hadari ke samarwa sakamakon hasken rana da ya tara. Bayan launuka a cikin hasken ranar akwai zaruruwan makamashi (radiation) iri-iri, kamar su ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma rays, radio waves da sauransu. Idan hasken rana ya iso sararin saman duniya kashi 50% daga ciki ne haske kuma a cikin wannan kaso, kashi 15% ana haskaka shi baya ne da taimakon abubuwa irinsu tuddan kankara (snow ice), hamadar yashi, da farar kasa sannan ragowar hasken, kashi 85% sai tsirrai da teku su zuke shi. Sauran kashi 50% daga cikin hasken rana wandanda zaruruwa makamashi ne, a cikinsa shima kashi 25% ya na komawa sama ragowar kuma sai sinadarai a sararin sama su zuke su. Mafi illa cikin wannan zaruruwa shine na ultraviolet wanda idan da ya na isowa doron kasa kai tsaye, da halittu sun shiga uku domin kai tsaye shi yake lalata kwayoyin halittar gado. Wannan lamari shi ya samawa duniya yanayi na daidaita yanayin yadda halittu zasu rayu a doron kasa.

Kasancewar duniya a dunkule take kamar kwallo, ya samar da yanayi na banbancin lokatai a doron ta yadda idan wani wurin rana ce wani wurin dare ne, haka nan yayin damina a wani bangaren, hunturu ne a wani. Allah ya ce mana cikin suratul Rahman

Q55:17 “Ubangijin mafita biyu na rana, kuma ubangijin mafada biyu ta rana” Me Allah ke nufi da mafita da mafadar rana biyu? Idan muka yi nazarin kwallon duniya zamu gane cewa rana tana fitowa daga gabas zuwa yamma a cikin shekara a kan saitin layuka guda biyu. Wadannan layuka guda biyu suna samuwa sakamakon duk bayan wata shida duniya na tasgadawa kudu ko arewa (Angle of tilt). Wannan tsari Allah ya samar da shi domin kowanne sashe na duniya ya samu hasken rana da halittu ke bukata. Hakan kuma shine yake samar mana da yanayi na hunturu (winter) da na zafi (summer). Yadda abin ke faruwa shine yayin da kwallon duniya ya tasgada kudu (southern hemisphere) sashen arewaci zai sami karancin zafi saboda rana bata bin saitin layin arewacin. Don haka arewacin duniya (Northern hemisphere) sai ya fuskancin yanayin hunturu tunda rana bata wurin. Idan bayan watanni shida duniya ta sake tasgadawa kuma rana ta dawo bin saitin layin arewaci sai zafi ya dawo arewaci su kuma kudanci su shiga hunturu. Wannan layi na arewa (wato tropic of cancer) ya na kan saitin digiri 23⁰ 27’ daga arewa a doron duniya, kuma ya faro ne daga gabas cikin arewacin tekun pacific ya ratso ta Taiwan, kudancin China, India, ya biyo ta tekun Arabiya ya shiga Saudi Arabia, ta maliya, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Mali da kuma Mauritania. Ya ratsa tekun Atlantika ya bi ta Bahamas da Cuba da tekun Mexico ya wuce ta Mexico da tsibirin Hawaii sannan ya koma inda ya taso, wato tekun pacific.

Daya layin kuma (tropic of Capricorn) wanda ke saitin digiri 23⁰ 27’ a kudu na doron duniya shi ma ya taso ne daga gabas a kudancin tekun pacific ya ratsa ta tekun coral, tekun Indian ya shiga  Madagascar, ya bi ta Mozambique da south Africa, Botswana da Namibia sannan ya fada tekun Atlantika har ya isa Brazil da Argentina sannan daga karshe ya koma inda ya taso wato kudancin tekun pacific.

Yayin da duk rana ke bin daya daga cikin wannan layuka zaka samu a wajen ana cikin yanayin zafi dayan kuma sanyi, don haka wadannan layuka su ne ginshikin yanayi a doron duniya. Kuma kasancewar rana ta yi biliyoyin shekaru tana bin wadannan layuka, shi ya sa zaka ga dukkan kasashen da suka fado saitin wannan layi suke da zafi kuma dukkan hamadun duniya suna saitin wadannan layuka. Kasancewar rana na bin saitin wannan layi ya hana tsirrai masu yawa su rayu sai kalilan wadanda ke da juriya. Ta haka dukkan hamadun duniya ko na zafi ko kankara suka samu. Inda rana ke bi aka samu hamadar rairayi, inda kuma bata bi, wato kololuwar doron duniya na kudu (Antactika) da kololuwar doron duniya na arewa (Arctic) aka samu hamadun kankara saboda rana bata isa sosai. A wadannan sassa akwai wuraren da ake dare na kusan wata shida da hunturu sannan rana bata faduwa na kusan hakan a lokacin zafi. A kurkusa na yi mamaki ranar da na fara zuwa Ingila domin sai naga har goma na dare amma rana bata fadi ba. A takaice wadannan layuka gudu biyu dake tasowa a saitin gabas daga kudu da arewa su kuma kare a yamma daga kudu ko arewa su Allah yayi wa lakabi da mafita da mafada biyu na rana.

Q23:14 “Saboda haka albarkun Allah sun bayyana, shine mafi kyawon masu halittawa”